La evaluación psicosocial de un donante vivo de riñón / Psycho-Social Evaluation of a Living Kidney Donor

resumen La decisión de convertirse en donante vivo de riñón suele ser conflictiva. Generalmente se cree que el candidato conoce sus motivos, que es consciente de ellos, que ha pensado largamente su decisión y hasta ha consultado sobre ella. Sorprende corroborar que -en muchos casos- solo tiene una conciencia vaga, más bien oscura, de sus razones y de la validez de ellas. Otras veces ha tomado una decisión impulsiva, guiado por sus afectos, y se ha confiado a su suerte y/o a su fe. Y, otras más, viene indeciso, presionado por diversas circunstancias. La evaluación de salud mental debe ayudarle a poner sus motivos en claro, es decir, a hacerlos conscientes, a verbalizarlos. Debe permitirle analizarlos y afirmarse en su decisión o arrepentirse de ella. Es decir, debe ser una experiencia positiva, que enriquezca la decisión, la madure o la descarte. Y debe dejar al candidato la sensación interior de haber recibido ayuda para tomar la mejor decisión posible en su caso. La evaluación psicosocial debería ser la primera de varias valoraciones a las que debe someterse un candidato, porque una decisión bien tomada es requisito para realizar un proceso adecuado. El autor revisa las condiciones en que debe desarrollarse la entrevista, los requisitos que debe cumplir la decisión y las técnicas apropiadas para obtener la información indispensable.

abstract The decision to become a living kidney donor is full of conflicts. It is generally believed that the candidates are aware of their reasons, that they have thought long about it, and have even asked questions about it. Thus it is surprising that, in many cases, they are only vaguely aware of their reasons and their validity. Sometimes, it is an impulsive decision guided by their emotions and entrusted to their luck or faith. Sometimes, they are undecided and put under pressure due to various circumstances. The mental health assessment should help to clarify their reasons, and to put them into words. It should be a positive experience, enriching their decision. It should give the candidate the inner feeling of having received help for taking the best decision. The psychosocial evaluation should be the first of multiple assessment ratings that the living kidney donor must face. A well-taken decision is a requirement to start the process properly. The author reviews the conditions in which that interview should be developed, the requirements to be met by the decision, and the proper techniques to obtain accurate information.

Psycho-Social Evaluation of a Living Kidney Donor. / La evaluación psicosocial de un donante vivo de riñón.

The decision to become a living kidney donor is full of conflicts. It is generally believed that the candidates are aware of their reasons, that they have thought long about it, and have even asked questions about it. Thus it is surprising that, in many cases, they are only vaguely aware of their reasons and their validity. Sometimes, it is an impulsive decision guided by their emotions and entrusted to their luck or faith. Sometimes, they are undecided and put under pressure due to various circumstances. The mental health assessment should help to clarify their reasons, and to put them into words. It should be a positive experience, enriching their decision. It should give the candidate the inner feeling of having received help for taking the best decision. The psychosocial evaluation should be the first of multiple assessment ratings that the living kidney donor must face. A well-taken decision is a requirement to start the process properly. The author reviews the conditions in which that interview should be developed, the requirements to be met by the decision, and the proper techniques to obtain accurate information.